Hana Wela o Austenitic Stainless Steel

ʻO ke ʻano like-cast oaustenitic stainless steelʻO austenite + carbide a i ʻole austenite + ferrite. Hiki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka austenitic stainless steel castings.

 

Ka Papa Kaulike o Austenitic Stainless Steel
AISI	W-paʻa	DIN	BS	SS	AFNOR	UNE / IHA	JIS	UNI
304	1.4301	X5 CrNi 18 9	304 S 15	2332	Z 6 CN 18.09	F.3551	SUS 304	X5CrNi18 10
305	1.4303	X5 CrNi 18 12	305 S 19	-	Z 8 CN 18.12	-	SUS 305	X8CrNi19 10
303	1.4305	X12 CrNiS 18 8	303 S 21	2346	Z 10 CNF 18.09	F.3508	SUS 303	X10CrNiS 18 09
304L	1.4306	X2 CrNiS 18 9	304 S 12	2352	Z 2 CN 18.10	F.3503	SUS 304L	X2CrNi18 11
301	1.4310	X12 CrNi 17 7	-	2331	Z 12 CN 17.07	F.3517	SUS 301	X12CrNi17 07
304	1.4350	X5 CrNi 18 9	304 S 31	2332	Z 6 CN 18.09	F.3551	SUS 304	X5CrNi18 10
304	1.4350	X5 CrNi 18 9	304 S 31	2333	Z 6 CN 18.09	F.3551	SUS 304	X5CrNi18 10
304LN	1.4311	X2 CrNiN 18 10	304 S 62	2371	Z 2 CN 18.10	-	SUS 304 LN	-
316	1.4401	X5 CrNiMo 18 10	316 S 16	2347	Z 6 CND 17.11	F.3543	SUS 316	X5CrNiMo17 12
316L	1.4404	-	316 S 12/13/14/22/24	2348	Z 2 CND 17.13		SUS316L	X2CrNiMo17 12
316LN	1.4429	X2 CrNiMoN 18 13	-	2375	Z 2 CND 17.13	-	SUS 316 LN	-
316L	1.4435	X2 CrNiMo 18 12	316 S 12/13/14/22/24	2353	Z 2 CND 17.13	-	SUS316L	X2CrNiMo17 12
316	1.4436	-	316 S 33	2343	Z 6 CND18-12-03	-	-	X8CrNiMo 17 13
317L	1.4438	X2 CrNiMo 18 16	317 S 12	2367	Z 2 CND 19.15	-	SUS 317 L	X2CrNiMo18 16
329	1.4460	X3 CrNiMoN 27 5 2	-	2324	Z5 CND 27.05.Az	F.3309	SUS 329 J1	-
321	1.4541	X10 CrNiTi 18 9	321 S 12	2337	Z 6 CND 18.10	F.3553	SUS 321	X6CrNiTi18 11
347	1.4550	X10 CrNiNb 18 9	347 S 17	2338	Z 6 CNNb 18.10	F.3552	SUS 347	X6CrNiNb18 11
316Ti	1.4571	X10 CrNiMoTi 18 10	320 S 17	2350	Z 6 CNDT 17.12	F.3535	-	X6CrNiMoTi 17 12
309	1.4828	X15 CrNiSi 20 12	309 S 24	-	Z 15 CNS 20.12	-	SUH 309	X16 CrNi 24 14
330	1.4864	X12 NiCrSi 36 16	-	-	Z 12 NCS 35.16	-	SUH 330	-

 

1. Hoʻoponopono wela

ʻO ka kikoʻī maʻamau o ka hoʻonā wela wela: e hoʻoheheʻe i ka hoʻolei ʻana i 950 ° C - 1175 ° C a waiho ʻia i loko o ka wai, ka aila a i ʻole ka ea ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela e hoʻopau loa i nā carbide i loko o ke kila kila e loaʻa ai kahi hana hoʻokahi. ʻO ke koho o ka mahana hoʻonā e pili ana i ka ʻike kalapona i loko o ke kila hoʻolei. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wela o ka hoʻonā paʻa e pono ai.

I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻokoʻa wela ma waena o ka ʻili o ka hoʻoheheʻe kila a me ke kumu i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻomehana, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ke ʻano hoʻomehana o ka hoʻonā ʻana o ke kila stainless austenitic ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a laila hoʻomehana koke ʻia i ka mahana hopena. Pono e hoʻonui ka manawa paʻa e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka pā.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wai, ka aila a i ʻole ka ea, ʻo ia ka wai ka mea maʻamau. He kūpono wale ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i ka ea no nā hoʻolei kila lahilahi.

 

Nā kikoʻī o ka hoʻoponopono paʻa ʻana o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke kila kila Austenitic
Papa ma Kina	Papa Kaulike ma waho	Hoʻonā wela / ℃	Paʻakikī / HBW
ZG03Cr18Ni10	/	1050 - 1100	/
ZG0Cr18Ni9	/	1080 - 1130	/
ZG1Cr18Ni9	G-X15CrNi18 8 (Papa Kelemānia)	1050 - 1100	140 - 190
ZGCr18Ni9Ti		950 - 1050	125 - 180
ZGCr18Ni9Mo2Ti	X18H9M2 (Papa Lūkia)	1000 - 1050	140 - 190
ZG1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti	X18H12M2 (Papa Lūkia)	1100 - 1150	/
ZGCr18Ni11B	X18H11B (Papa Lūkia)	1100 - 1150	/
ZG03Cr18Ni10	CF-3 (Ka helu US)	1040 - 1120	/
ZG08Cr19Ni11Mo3	CF-3M (Ka helu US)	1040 - 1120	150 - 170
ZG08Cr19Ni9	CF-8 (Papa US)	1040 - 1120	140 - 156
ZG08Cr19Ni10Nb	CF-8C (Papa US)	1065 - 1120 (Stablization ma 870 - 900 )	149
ZG07Cr19Ni10Mo3	CF-8M (Papa US)	1065 - 1120	156 - 210
ZG16Cr19Ni10	CF-16F (Papa US)	1095 - 1150	150
ZG2Cr19Ni9	CF-20 (Ka helu US)	1095 - 1150	163
ZGCr19Ni11Mo4	CG-8M (Ka helu US)	1040 - 1120	176
ZGCr24Ni13		1095 - 1150	190
ZG1Cr24Ni20Mo2Cu3		1100 - 1150	/
ZG2Cr15Ni20	CK-20 (Papa US)	1095 - 1175	144
ZGCr20Ni29Mo3Cu3	CH-7M (Ka helu US)	1120	130
ZG1Cr17Mn13N		1100	223 - 235
ZG1Cr17Mn13Mo2CuN		1100	/
ZG0Cr17Mn13Mo2CuN		1100	223 - 248

 

 

2. Hoʻokūpaʻa

ʻO ke kila kila Austenitic maikaʻi loa ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i 500 ° C-850 ° C a i ʻole ka hana ʻana o ka hoʻolei ʻana i kēia pae wela, e hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia ka chromium carbide ma ka palena o ka palaoa austenite, e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka palena o ka palaoa a i ʻole ka weld crack. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano sensitization. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa intergranular corrosion o ia austenitic stainless steel castings, pono e hoʻohui i nā mea alloying e like me ka titanium a me ka niobium. Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hoʻonā, hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou i ka 850°C - 930°C, a laila e hoʻomaha koke. Ma kēia ala, hoʻomaka mua ʻia nā carbide o ka titanium a me ka niobium mai ka austenite, no laila e pale ai i ka ua o ka chromium carbide a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion palena o ke kila kila.