ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ke kila māmā, he hui ia o ka hao me ke kalapona e like me nā mea hoʻohui ʻia akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kalapona ma mua o 0.25%. Ma muli o kona ikaika haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa paʻakikī a palupalu, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kila māmā. Loaʻa iā ia ka hapa nui o nā kila hana kalapona maʻamau a me kekahi mau kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou no nā ʻāpana hana ʻenehana me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka wela, a hoʻohana ʻia kekahi no nā ʻāpana mechanical e koi ai i ka pale ʻana ma hope o ka carburizing a me nā lāʻau wela ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka annealed o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa he ferrite a me kahi pearlite liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku kona ikaika a me ka paʻakikī, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona plasticity a me ka paʻakikī. No laila, maikaʻi kona ʻano anu, a hiki ke hana ʻia e ke ʻano e like me ka crimping, bending, and stamping. He maikaʻi ka weldability o kēia kila. ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa e pili ana i ke kila me kahi maʻi kalapona ma waena o 0.10 a me 0.25%. ʻO kēia ʻano kila he haʻahaʻa paʻakikī a me ka plasticity maikaʻi. He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka plastik, hoʻoheheʻe a ʻokiʻoki. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hana i nā kaulahao, rivets, bolts, shafts, etc.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka annealed o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa he ferrite a me kahi pearlite liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku kona ikaika a me ka paʻakikī, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona plasticity a me ka paʻakikī. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona ʻano anuanu a hiki ke hana ʻia e nā ʻano hana e like me ke kuʻi ʻana, ke kulou ʻana, a me ke kuʻi ʻana. He maikaʻi ka weldability o kēia kila. ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he haʻahaʻa paʻakikī a maikaʻi ʻole ka machinability. Hiki i ka hoʻoponopono maʻamau ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kona machinability.
ʻO ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ʻōwili ʻia i ke kila kihi, ke kila channel, I-beam, ka paipu kila, ke kaula kila a i ʻole ka pā kila, i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā ʻano hale like ʻole, nā ipu, nā pahu, nā kino umu a me nā mīkini mahiʻai. ʻO ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o nā papa lahilahi e hana i nā huahana huki hohonu e like me nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā puʻu mīkini; ua ʻōwili ʻia i loko o nā kaola e hana i nā ʻāpana mechanical me nā koi ikaika haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila carburized a cyanidized me ka carbon content ma mua o 0.15% no nā shafts, bushings, sprockets a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi.
Ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa ma muli o kona ikaika haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻonui pono ʻana i ka ʻike manganese i ke kila kalapona, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui e like me vanadium, titanium, niobium, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ke kila. Inā ho'ēmiʻia ka mea kalapona i loko o ke kila a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka alumini, kahi liʻiliʻi o ka boron a me ka carbide e hoʻokumu i nā mea i hoʻohuiʻia, hiki ke loaʻa kahi hui kalapona bainite ultra-low nona ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a mālama i ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī.
ʻO ka maʻiʻo kalapona o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 0.25%, ʻoiai ka maʻiʻo kalapona o ke kila kalapona ma waena o 0.25% a me 0.60%, a ʻo ka maʻiʻo kalapona o ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe ma waena o 0.6% a me 3.0%. Hoʻonui ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o ke kila kalapona hoʻolei me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike kalapona.
ʻO ke kila kalapona hoʻolei i kēia mau mea maikaʻi: haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai, ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka plasticity kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kalapona hoʻolei no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana e amo ana i nā haʻahaʻa kaumaha, e like me ke kūpaʻa wili kila a me nā kumu paʻi hydraulic i nā mīkini kaumaha. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana e pili ana i nā ikaika nui a me ka hopena, e like me nā huila, huila, bolsters a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ma nā kaʻa kaʻa.
