ʻO Bronze kahi ʻano a me ka hui o ke keleawe keleawe me ka Tin ma ke ʻano nui o ka alloy. Hoʻonui ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o ke keleawe me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike Tin. Hoʻemi pū ʻia ka ductility me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pākēneka tin ma luna o 5. Ke hoʻohui pū ʻia ka alumini (4 a 11%), ua kapa ʻia ka mea i loaʻa i ke alumini keleawe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpaʻa corrosion. Ua like ke kumu kūʻai o nā keleawe me nā keleawe ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka tin he metala pipiʻi.
E like me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe he nui, hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻāpana keleawe a me ke keleawe i mau ʻāpana paʻakikī, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpono no ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke one.kaʻina hoʻolei kālā. Hiki i ka loli mau o ke kumu kūʻai ke hoʻolilo i kēia mau mea waiwai i ke kumu kūʻai, e lilo ana ka ʻōpala i ke kumu kūʻai nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wā e noʻonoʻo aiʻO ka mīkini CNCa/a i ʻole forging ma ke ʻano he hana hana e hana ai i kāu ʻāpana. ʻAʻole hoʻolei ʻia ke keleawe maʻemaʻe.
| Papa keleawe a me ke keleawe mai na makeke like ole | |||||||
| Kina | Kelemānia | ʻEulopa | International | USA | Iapana | ||
| GB | DIN | EN | ISO | UNS | JIS | ||
| hōʻailona | ʻAʻole. | hōʻailona | ʻAʻole. | hōʻailona | ʻAʻole. | ʻAʻole. | |
| TU2 | O-Cu | 2.004 | Cu-OFE | CW009A | Cu-OF | C10100 | C1011 |
| - | SE-Cu | 2.007 | Cu-HCP | CW021A | - | C10300 | - |
| - | SE-Cu | 2.007 | Cu-PHC | CW020A | - | C10300 | - |
| T2 | E-Cu58 | 2.0065 | Cu-ETP | CW004A | Cu-ETP | C11000 | C1100 |
| TP2 | SF-Cu | 2.009 | Cu-DHP | CW024A | Cu-DHP | C12200 | C1220 |
| - | SF-Cu | 2.009 | Cu-DHP | CW024A | Cu-DHP | C12200 | C1220 |
| - | SF-Cu | 2.009 | Cu-DHP | CW024A | Cu-DLP | C12200 | C1220 |
| TP1 | SW-Cu | 2.0076 | Cu-DLP | CW023A | Cu-DLP | C12000 | C1201 |
| H96 | CuZn5 | 2.022 | CuZn5 | CE500L | CuZn5 | C21000 | C2100 |
| H90 | CuZn10 | 2.023 | CuZn10 | CW501L | CuZn10 | C22000 | C2200 |
| H85 | CuZn15 | 2.024 | CuZn15 | CW502L | CuZn15 | C23000 | C2300 |
| H80 | CuZn20 | 2.025 | CuZn20 | CW503L | CuZn20 | C24000 | C2400 |
| CuZn28 | |||||||
| H70 | CuZn30 | 2.0265 | CuZn30 | CW505L | CuZn30 | C26000 | C2600 |
| H68 | CuZn33 | 2.028 | CuZn33 | CW506L | CuZn35 | C26800 | C2680 |
| H65 | CuZn36 | 2.0335 | CuZn36 | CW507L | CuZn35 | C27000 | C2700 |
| H63 | CuZn37 | 2.0321 | CuZn37 | CW508L | CuZn37 | C27200 | C2720 |
| HPb63-3 | CuZn36Pb1.5 | 2.0331 | CuZn35Pb1 | CW600N | CuZn35Pb1 | C34000 | C3501 |
| HPb63-3 | CuZn36Pb1.5 | 2.0331 | CuZn35Pb2 | CW601N | CuZn34Pb2 | C34200 | - |
| H62 | CuZn40 | 2.036 | CuZn40 | CW509N | CuZn40 | C28000 | C3712 |
| H60 | CuZn38Pb1.5 | 2.0371 | CuZn38Pb2 | CW608N | CuZn37Pb2 | C35000 | - |
| HPb63-3 | CuZn36Pb3 | 2.0375 | CuZn36Pb3 | CW603N | CuZn36Pb3 | C36000 | C3601 |
| HPb59-1 | CuZn39Pb2 | 2.038 | CuZn39Pb2 | CW612N | CuZn38Pb2 | C37700 | C3771 |
| HPb58-2.5 | CuZn39Pb3 | 2.0401 | CuZn39Pb3 | CW614N | CuZn39Pb3 | C38500 | C3603 |
| - | CuZn40Pb2 | 2.0402 | CuZn40Pb2 | CW617N | CuZn40Pb2 | C38000 | C3771 |
| - | CuZn28Sn1 | 2.047 | CuZn28Sn1As | CW706R | CuZn28Sn1 | C68800 | C4430 |
| - | CuZn31Si1 | 2.049 | CuZn31Si1 | CW708R | CuZn31Si1 | C44300 | - |
| - | CuZn20Al2 | 2.046 | CuZn20Al2As | CW702R | CuZn20Al2 | C68700 | C6870 |
| QSn4-0.3 | CuSn4 | 2.1016 | CuSn4 | CW450K | CuSn4 | C51100 | C5111 |
| - | CuSn5 | 2.1018 | CuSn5 | CW451K | CuSn5 | C51000 | C5102 |
| QSn6.5-0.1 | CuSn6 | 2.102 | CuSn6 | CW452K | CuSn6 | C51900 | C5191 |
| QSn6.5-0.4 | CuSn6 | CuSn6 | C51900 | C5191 | |||
| QSn7-0.2 | CuSn8 | CuSn8 | C52100 | C5210 | |||
| QSn8-0.3 | CuSn8 | 2.103 | CuSn8 | CW453K | CuSn8 | C52100 | C5210 |
| BZn12-24 | CuNi12Zn24 | 2.073 | CuNi12Zn24 | CW403J | CuNi12Zn24 | C75700 | - |
| BZn12-26 | CuNi18Zn27 | 2.0742 | CuNi18Zn27 | CW410J | CuNi18Zn27 | C77000 | C7701 |
| BZn18-18 | CuNi18Zn20 | 2.074 | CuNi18Zn20 | CW409J | CuNi18Zn20 | C76400 | C7521 |
| - | CuNi10Fe1Mn | 2.0872 | CuNi10Fe1Mn | CW352H | CuNi10Fe1Mn | C70600 | C7060 |
| - | CuNi30Mn1Fe | 2.882 | CuNi30Mn1Fe | CW354H | CuNi30Mn1Fe | C71500 | C7150 |
| T3 | Cu-FRTP | C12500 | |||||
| TAG0.1 | CuAg0.1 | CuAg0.1 | |||||
| HPb63-0.1 | CuZn37Pb0.5 | ||||||
| HPb61-1 | CuZn39Pb0.5 | C37100 | C3710 | ||||
| HAl77-2 | CuZn20Al2 | CuZn20Al2 | C68700 | C6870 | |||
| HSn70-1 | CuZn28Sn1 | CuZn28Sn1 | C44300 | C4430 | |||
| HSn62-1 | CuZn38Sn1 | CuZn38Sn1 | C46400 | C4620 | |||
| HMn58-2 | CuZn40Mn2 | ||||||
| QAl5 | CuAl5As | CuAl5 | |||||
| QAl7 | CuAl8 | CuAl7 | C61000 | ||||
| QAl9-2 | CuAl9Mn2 | CuAl9Mn2 | |||||
| QAl10-3-1.5 | CuAl10Fe3Mn2 | C63200 | |||||
| QAl10-4-4 | CuAl10Ni5Fe4 | CuAl10Ni5Fe5 | C63020 | ||||
| QAl11-6-6 | CuAl11Ni6Fe5 | ||||||
| QBe2 | CuBe2 | CuBe2 | C17200 | C1720 | |||
| QBe1.7 | CuBe1.7 | CuBe1.7 | C17000 | C1700 | |||
| QZr0.2 | CuZr | C15000 | |||||
| QCd1 | CuCrZr | CuCd1 | C16200 | ||||
| QMg0.8 | CuMg0.7 | ||||||
| ZQSnD5-5-5 | GB-CuSn5ZnPb | GCuPb5Sn5Zn | C83600 | BCln6 | |||
| ZQSnD10-1 | GB-CuSn10 | GCuSn10P | |||||
| ZQSnD10-2 | GB-CuSn10Zn | GCuSn10Zn2 | BCln3 | ||||
| ZQAlD9-4-4-2 | GB-CuAl10Ni | GCuAl10Fe5Ni5 | C95800 | AlBCln3 | |||
| ZQAlD9-4 | GB-CuAl10Fe | GCuAl10Fe3 | C95200 | AlBCln1 | |||
Hiki oHoolei Sandhana ʻia e ka lima:
• Nui Nui: 1,500 mm × 1000 mm × 500 mm
• Kaumaha: 0.5 kg - 500 kg
• Ka Makahiki Makahiki: 5,000 tons - 6,000 tons
• ʻO ka hoʻomanawanui: ma ke noi a i ʻole ke kūlana
• Mea Mold: Hoolei Sand Green,Hoolei Sand Mold.
ʻO nā hiki o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke one e nā Mīkini Molding Automatic:
• Nui Nui: 1,000 mm × 800 mm × 500 mm
• Kaumaha: 0.5 kg - 500 kg
• Makahiki Makahiki: 8,000 tons - 10,000 tons
• Hoʻomanawanui: Ma ke noi.
• Nā Mea Hoʻoheheʻe: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo Green Sand, Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo Shell Mold Sand.
Loaʻa nā lako noMea Hoolei Sandma RMC:
• Ke keleawe, ke keleawe ʻulaʻula, ke keleawe a i ʻole nā metala huila keleawe ʻē aʻe: ZCuZn39Pb3, ZCuZn39Pb2, ZCuZn38Mn2Pb2, ZCuZn40Pb2, ZCuZn16Si4
• Hao Hina: HT150, HT200, HT250, HT300, HT350; GJL-100, GJL-150, GJL-200, GJL-250, GJL-300, GJL-350; GG10~GG40.
• Ka hao hao a Nodular paha: GGG40, GGG50, GGG60, GGG70, GGG80; GJS-400-18, GJS-40-15, GJS-450-10, GJS-500-7, GJS-600-3, GJS-700-2, GJS-800-2; QT400-18, QT450-10, QT500-7, QT600-3, QT700-2, QT800-2;
• Aluminum a me ko lakou mau huila
• Nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me kāu mau koi kūikawā a i ʻole e like me nā kūlana ASTM, SAE, AISI, ACI, DIN, EN, ISO, a me GB.
