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Hoolei Metala Non-ferrous

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā metala ferrous i ka ʻoihana ʻenekinia ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe, ka laulā o nā waiwai mechanical a me nā kumu haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana pū ʻia nā metala non-ferrous i nā noi like ʻole no kā lākou mau waiwai kikoʻī i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā alloy ferrous ʻoiai ke kumu kūʻai nui. Hiki ke loaʻa nā waiwai mechanical i makemake ʻia i loko o kēia mau ʻāpana ma o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa hana, ka paʻakikī makahiki, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole ma o nā kaʻina hana wela maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ferrous alloys. ʻO kekahi o nā mea waiwai nui ʻole o ka ferrous he alumini, keleawe, zinc, a me ka magnesium

1. Aluminum

ʻO nā'āpana non-ferrous a pau,ʻo ka aluminika a me kona mau'āpana ka mea nui loa ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai maikaʻi. ʻO kekahi o nā waiwai o ka alumini maʻemaʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana ʻenehana:

  • 1) ʻO ka hoʻokō wela maikaʻi loa (0.53 kaila/cm/C)
  • 2) Hiki ke hoʻoili uila maikaʻi loa (376 600/ohm/cm)
  • 3) Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (2.7 g/cm)
  • 4) wahi hehee haahaa (658C)
  • 5) Kūleʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa
  • 6) ʻAʻole hiki ke make.
  • 7) Loaʻa iā ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe loa (85 a 95%) a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa (4 a 5%).
  • 8) He palupalu loa a me ka ductile ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai hana maikaʻi loa.

ʻO kekahi o nā noi kahi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai ka alumini maʻemaʻe i loko o nā mea hoʻokele uila, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe radiators, nā ʻāpana ea ea, nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā kukui, a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha.

ʻOiai ʻo nā noi kūpono ma luna, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia ka alumini maʻemaʻe ma muli o nā pilikia aʻe:

  • 1) Loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika tensile haʻahaʻa (65 MPa) a me ka paʻakikī (20 BHN)
  • 2. He paʻakikī loa ka weld a i ʻole solder.

Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā waiwai mechanical o ka alumini ma o ka alloying. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui nui i hoʻohana ʻia he keleawe, manganese, silicon, nickel a me ka zinc.

Hoʻokumu ka alumini a me ke keleawe i ka hui kemika CuAl2. Ma luna o kahi mahana o 548 C e hoʻoheheʻe loa ia i ka alumini wai. Ke kinai ʻia kēia a me ka ʻelemakule kahiko (hoʻopaʻa lōʻihi ma 100 - 150C), loaʻa kahi alloy paʻakikī. ʻO ka CuAl2, ʻaʻole i ʻelemakule ʻaʻohe manawa e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka hopena paʻa o ka alumini a me ke keleawe a no laila aia i kahi kūlana paʻa ʻole (super-saturated i ka mahana wela). ʻO ke kaʻina hana kahiko e hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻāpana maikaʻi loa o CuAl2, ka mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka alloy. Kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana paʻakikī.

ʻO nā mea hoʻohui'ē aʻe i hoʻohanaʻia a hiki i ka 7% magnesium, a hiki i ka 1. 5% manganese, a hiki i ka 13% silicon, a hiki i ka 2% nickel, a hiki i ka 5% zinc a hiki i ka 1.5% hao. Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau mea, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka titanium, chromium a me columbium i nā pākēneka liʻiliʻi. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hui ʻana o kekahi mau alumini alumini maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻoheheʻe mau ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe make i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka Papa 2. 10 me kā lākou mau noi. Hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai mekini i manaʻo ʻia o kēia mau mea ma hope o ka hoʻolei ʻia ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mold paʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kaomi ma ka Papa 2.1.

2. Ke keleawe

E like me ka alumini, ʻike ʻia ke keleawe maʻemaʻe i ka noi ākea ma muli o kāna mau waiwai

  • 1) He kiʻekiʻe ka conductivity uila o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe (5.8 x 105 / ohm/cm) i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe. ʻO kēlā me kēia haumia liʻiliʻi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i ka conductivity. No ka laʻana, 0. 1% phosphorous ho'ēmi i ka conductivity e 40%.
  • 2) He kiʻekiʻe loa kona conductivity wela (0. 92 cal/cm/C)
  • 3) He metala kaumaha (kaumaha kikoʻī 8.93)
  • 4) Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka brazing
  • 5) Ke pale aku nei i ka corrosion,
  • 6) He kala ʻoluʻolu kona.

Hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe maʻemaʻe i ka hana ʻana i ka uea uila, nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā kaula hoʻouna, nā paipu pahu hau a me nā paipu.

ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa nā ʻano mechanical o ke keleawe i kona kūlana maʻemaʻe. He palupalu a palupalu. Hiki ke hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui nui i hoʻohana ʻia he zinc, tin, lead and phosphorous.

Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻāpana keleawe a me ka zinc he keleawe. Me ka zinc maʻiʻo a hiki i ka 39%, hana ke keleawe i kahi hanana hoʻokahi (α-phase). He kiʻekiʻe ka ductility o ia mau alloys. He ʻulaʻula ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka alloy a hiki i ka zinc content o 20%, akā ma waho aʻe e lilo ia i melemele. Hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻelua i kapa ʻia ʻo β-phase ma waena o 39 a 46% o ka zinc. ʻO ia nō ka hui inter-metallic CuZn nona ke kuleana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī. Hoʻonui ʻia ka ikaika o ke keleawe ke hoʻohui ʻia nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka manganese a me ka nickel.

Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻāpana keleawe me ka tin he keleawe. Hoʻonui ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o ke keleawe me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻiʻo. Hoʻemi pū ʻia ka ductility me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pākēneka tin ma luna o 5. Ke hoʻohui pū ʻia ka alumini (4 a 11%), ua kapa ʻia ka mea i loaʻa i ke keleawe alumini, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpaʻa corrosion. Ua like ke kumu kūʻai o nā keleawe me nā keleawe ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka tin he metala pipiʻi.

3. Nā Metala ʻAʻole Ferrous ʻē aʻe

Zinc

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Zinc i ka ʻenekinia ma muli o kona haʻahaʻa hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa (419.4 C) a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūpaʻa corrosion, e piʻi ana me ka maʻemaʻe o ka zinc. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi pale oxide pale ma ka ʻili. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka zinc ma ka galvanizing e pale i ke kila mai ka ʻino, ma ka ʻoihana paʻi a no ka hoʻolei make.

ʻO nā hemahema o ka zinc ʻo ia ka anisotropy ikaika i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana deformed, nele i ke kūpaʻa dimensional ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻelemakule, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika o ka hopena ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka maʻalahi o ka corrosion inter-granular. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawelawe ma luna o kahi mahana o 95.C no ka mea e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka ikaika tensile a me ka paʻakikī.

ʻO kona hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe make no ka mea e koi ʻia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hopena i ke ola make kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā alloys die casting. Eia kekahi, he machinability maikaʻi loa ia. ʻO ka pau i loaʻa ma ka zinc diecasting ua lawa pinepine ia e hōʻoia i kekahi hana hou aku, koe wale no ka wehe ʻana i ka uila i loko o ka mokulele hoʻokaʻawale.

Magnesium

Ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha māmā a me ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi, hoʻohanaʻia nā'āpana magnesium i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe loa. No ka 'o'ole'a like, koi 'ia ka 37. 2% o ke kaumaha o ke kila C25 no laila e mālama ai i ke kaumaha. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui nui ʻelua i hoʻohana ʻia he alumini a me ka zinc. Hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe magnesium, hoʻolei ʻia a i ʻole hoʻolei make. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā waiwai o ka one-cast magnesium alloy me nā mea o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe mau a i ʻole nā ​​mea make-cast. Loaʻa nā ʻāpana keleawe kiʻekiʻe i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe make i hiki ke hana ʻia mai nā metala lua e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hana ʻana i nā huila kaʻa, nā pahu crank, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi ʻia nā alloys Magnesium e ka hapa nui o nā kaʻina hana kuʻuna. ʻO kahi waiwai maikaʻi loa o ka magnesium alloys ko lākou machinability kiʻekiʻe. Pono lākou ma kahi o 15% o ka mana no ka mīkini hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa.

 

 


Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-18-2020
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