Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea Ferrous i ka ʻoihana ʻenekini ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe, ka nui o nā pono mechanical a me nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea non-ferrous i nā ʻano noi like ʻole no kā lākou mau waiwai kikoʻī ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻākoʻakoʻa ferrous ʻoiai ke kumu kūʻai nui. Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā pono mechanical i makemake ʻia i loko o kēia mau mea alloys e ka hana ʻana i ka paʻakikī, ka paʻakikī ʻana o nā makahiki, a pēlā aku, akā ʻaʻole ma o nā kaʻina hana hoʻomehana wela i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ferrous. ʻO kekahi o nā kumuwaiwai ʻole ferrous o ka hoihoi he aluminika, keleawe, kiniki, a me ka makanekiuma
1. Aluminika
ʻO nā mea a pau ʻole o ka ferrous, ʻo ke alumini a me kāna mau mea nui ka mea nui ma muli o kā lākou waiwai maikaʻi loa. ʻO kekahi o nā waiwai o ka aluminika maʻemaʻe nona e hoʻohana ai i ka ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻo:
1) ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka conductivity (0.53 cal / cm / C)
2) Lawe maikaʻi uila (376 600 / ohm / cm)
3) Ka nuʻu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (2.7 g / cm)
4) Kahi pae hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa (658C)
5) Kūpaʻa kūpikipiki maikaʻi loa
6) He nontoxic ia.
7) Loaʻa iā ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe loa (85 a 95%) a me ka emissivity haʻahaʻa loa (4 a 5%)
8) He palupalu a palu hoʻi ia ma muli o kahi hopena maikaʻi loa o ka hana ʻana.
ʻO kekahi o nā noi kahi e hoʻohana mau ʻia ai ka aluminika maʻemaʻe i nā alakaʻi uila, nā mea radiator fin, nā keʻena hoʻolele ea, nā aniani aniani a me nā mea uila, a me nā mea ʻāpana a me nā mea ukana.
I loko o nā noi pono i luna, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ākea ka aluminika ma muli o nā pilikia e hiki mai ana.
1) He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka haʻahaʻa (65 MPa) a me ka paʻakikī (20 BHN)
2. He paʻakikī loa e hoʻopaʻa a wili paha.
Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻenehana mīkini o ka alumini e ke hoʻopili ʻana. ʻO nā mea e hoʻopili ana i ke poʻo kumu i hoʻohana ʻia he keleawe, manganese, silicon, nickel a me zinc.
Hana ke alumini a me ke keleawe i ka hui kemika CuAl2. Ma luna o kahi mahana o 548 C hemo loa ia i loko o ka alumini wai. Ke kinai ʻia kēia a ʻelemakule kahiko (hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka paʻa ʻana ma 100 - 150C), loaʻa ke kinikini paʻa. ʻO ka CuAl2, ʻaʻohe ona ʻelemakule ʻaʻohe manawa e lele ai mai ka hopena paʻa o ka aluminika a me ke keleawe a no laila aia i kahi kūlana paʻa ʻole (super-saturated ma ka lumi tempera ture). Hoʻopiʻi ka hana ʻelemakule i nā ʻāpana maikaʻi loa o CuAl2, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ke kinikini. Kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he paʻakikī paʻakikī.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia a hiki i ka 7% magnesium, a i ka 1. 5% manganese, a i ka 13% silikone, a i ka 2% nickel, a i ka 5% zinc a hiki i ka 1.5% hao. Ma waho o kēia mau mea, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka titanium, chromium a me columbium i nā pākēneka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hui ʻana o kekahi o nā alumina alumini maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka moʻo mau ʻana a me ka hoʻolei make ʻana i hāʻawi ʻia i ka Papa 2. 10 me kā lākou noi. ʻO nā pono mechanical i manaʻo ʻia o kēia mau mea ma hope o ke kiloi ʻia ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mōlina paʻa a i ʻole ke kaomi make ʻana e hōʻike ʻia i ka Papa 2.1
2. Keleawe
E like me ka aluminika, ʻike ke keleawe keleawe hoʻi i ka palapala ākea no ka mea o kāna mau waiwai
1) He kiʻekiʻe ka conductivity uila o ke keleawe pono (5.8 x 105 / ohm / cm) i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe. Lawe i nā haumia liʻiliʻi i lalo i ka conductivity drastically. ʻO kahi laʻana, 0. 1% phosphorous e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka conductivity e 40%.
2) Loaʻa iā ia kahi conductivity wela kiʻekiʻe loa (0. 92 cal / cm / C)
3) He metala kaumaha (gravity gravity 8.93)
4) Hiki ke hoʻohui koke ʻia e ka palaka ʻana
5) Kūpaʻa ia i ka popopo,
6) He kala ʻoluʻolu kona.
Hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe maʻemaʻe i ka hana ʻana i ka uea uila, nā kaʻa pahi, nā kaula hoʻoili, ka paipu kīʻaha a me ka paipu.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa nā ʻano ʻenehana o ke keleawe i kona kūlana maʻemaʻe loa. Palupalu a palupalu paha. Hiki ke hoʻopili pono ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pono mechanical. ʻO nā mea alloying kumu nui i hoʻohana ʻia he zinc, tin, kēpau a me ka phosphorous.
Kapa ʻia nā ʻākala a keleawe a me zinc i mau keleawe. Me kahi ʻike kiniki a i 39%, hana ke keleawe i hoʻokahi pae (α-phase). ʻO nā alloys e like me ka ductility kiʻekiʻe. Noho ʻulaʻula ke kala o ke kinikini a hiki i kahi ʻike kiniki o 20%, akā ma ʻō aku e lilo ia i melemele. Kuhi ʻia kahi ʻāpana kūkulu ʻelua i kapa ʻia β-ma waena o 39 a 46% o ka zinc. ʻO ia ka CuZn pūhui inter-metallic nāna ke kuleana no ka hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī. Hoʻonui hou ʻia ka ikaika o ke keleawe ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi o ka manganese a me ka nickel.
Kapa ʻia nā ʻākoʻo o ke keleawe me ke keleawe. Hoʻonui ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o ke keleawe me ka lipolo o ka ʻike pi. Hoʻemi ʻia ke ductility me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pākēneka paʻalima ma luna o 5. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka alumini (4 a 11%), kapa ʻia ke kinipōpō hopena i ke keleawe aluminika, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūpaʻa kūpale. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā keleawe i ke keleawe no ka hiki ʻana mai o ka piʻina he metala pipiʻi ia.
3. Nā Mīkini Non-Ferrous ʻē aʻe
Kiniki
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Zinc i ka hana ʻenekini ma muli o ke ana wela haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (419.4 C) a me ke kūpaʻa kūpaʻa ʻoi aku, e hoʻonui nei me ka maʻemaʻe o ka zinc. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kūpikipiki kūpikipiki e ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi uhi oxide pale ma luna o ka ʻili. ʻO nā noi nui o ka zinc i ka galvanizing e pale ai i ke kila mai ka popopo, i ka ʻoihana paʻi a no ka hoʻolei make ʻana.
ʻO nā hemahema o ka zinc ka anisotropy ikaika i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana deformed, ka ʻole o ke kūpaʻa dimensional ma lalo o nā wā ʻelemakule, kahi hoʻemi i ka ikaika o ka hopena ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa a me ka maʻalahi i ka ʻaukū inter-granular. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawelawe ma luna o ka mahana o 95.C no ka mea e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ia i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī.
Hoʻohana ākea ia i nā hana make no ka mea koi ʻia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kahi hopena i ke ola make kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe make ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, he machinability maikaʻi loa ia. ʻO ka hoʻopau i loaʻa ʻia e ka zinc diecasting ka mea lawa i ka manawa e pono ai ka hana hou ʻana, koe wale no ka hemo ʻana o ka uila i loko o ka mokulele hoʻokaʻawale.
Makanekiuma
Ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha māmā a me ka ikaika mīkini maikaʻi, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe magnesium i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe loa. No ka ʻoʻoleʻa hoʻokahi, koi nā mea hoʻopili magnesium iā 37. 2% wale nō o ke kaupaona o ke kila C25 a laila e mālama ana i ka kaupaona. ʻO nā ʻāpana alloying kumu nui i hoʻohana ʻia he aluminika a me zinc. Hiki i nā kinikini magnesium ke hoʻolei i ke one, hoʻolei kūleʻa mau a i ʻole nā mea make. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā waiwai o ke kinikini hoʻoheheʻe one-cast magnesium me nā mea o ka hoʻoheheʻe paʻa mau a i ʻole nā mea hana make. Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe make i nā mea keleawe kiʻekiʻe i ʻae ʻia e hana ʻia mai nā metala lua e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hana ʻana i nā huila kaʻa, nā hihia crank, a pēlā aku. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika mechanical o nā mea hana magnesiia e like me nā mea i ʻōwili ʻia a paʻa. Hiki ke hoʻopili koke ʻia nā mea hoʻopili magnesium e ka hapa nui o nā hana kuʻuna kuʻuna. ʻO kahi waiwai kūpono loa o nā alloy magnesium ko lākou mīkini kiʻekiʻe. Koi wale lākou ma kahi o 15% o ka mana no ka mīkini i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka kila kalapona haʻahaʻa.
Ka manawa Post: Dec-18-2020