Hao hoolei maalea

Loaʻa ka hao hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ka ninini ʻana i ka hao i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me kekahi mea kemika i loko o nā blank keʻokeʻo a laila mālama ʻia e ka annealing. ʻO ka graphite i loko o ka hao hoʻoheheʻe malleable ka nui o ka flocculent a i kekahi manawa he wahi liʻiliʻi o nā pellets. ʻO ka ferrite a me ka pearlite ka hana matrix nui o ka hao malleable. E like me ka like 'ole wela 'ano kūlana, malleable hoolei hao hiki ke maheleia i graphitized annealing malleable hoolei hao a me ka decarburization annealing malleable hoolei hao.

ʻO nā waiwai mechanical wela maʻamau o ka hao malleable kokoke i ka hao nodular me ka matrix like. Ma lalo o nā kūlana wela haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakikī a me ka ʻoki ʻana o ka hao malleable ma mua o ka hao nodular. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe malleable i ke kūkulu ʻana, nā kaʻa, nā tractors, nā mīkini mahiʻai a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea hao malleable no ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā pilina paipu, nā mea hoʻopaʻa hana, nā kuʻekuʻe, nā kī, nā kino valve, nā wrenches, nā pūpū jack, nā kākoʻo puna lau, brackets, axle housings, engine connecting rods, rocker arms, etc. ʻO ka hao nui ka graphitization annealing a me ka decarburization annealing.

Na waiwai o ka hao hoolei maalea

1. Na Pono Mechanical
ʻO ka lakio o ka ikaika hoʻohua i ka ikaika tensile o ka hao malleable e kokoke ana i ka hao i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka pōʻai, akā ma kahi o 60% ~ 80% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kila kalapona. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hao malleable no ka hana ʻana i nā mahana haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hao wili pōlele.

2. Hana Hana
Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ke kalapona a me ke silika o ka hao malleable, he liʻiliʻi ka eutectoid degere, a ʻo ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka billet crystallizes e like me ka ʻōnaehana metastable, ʻilihune ka hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hao malleable, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā hemahema. e like me ka hiki ʻole ke ninini, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka lua, ka porosity shrinkage, a me nā māwae. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia mau hemahema, pono e lawe ʻia nā hana e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela o ka ninini ʻana, nā mea holo kiʻekiʻe, hoʻonui i nā poʻo kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohui i nā risers, hoʻokomo i ka hao chilled, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka collapsibility o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke one a me ke one kumu i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe.

3. Hana Mīkini
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hao malleable Ferritic, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna ʻoki ʻana ma mua o ka hao hina a me ke kila ʻoki manuahi. No laila, ʻo ka ferritic malleable cast iron kahi mea me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma waena o ka hao-carbon alloys. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i ka hao malleable Pearlitic.

4. Hana Hana
ʻAʻole kūpono nā hao malleable puʻuwai ʻeleʻele a me nā hao pearlite malleable no ka wiliwili ʻana, no ka mea, e hana ʻia nā waha keʻokeʻo palupalu ma ka ʻāpana kuʻi. E pohā ka waha keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi wili. No nā hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka tensile, ka piko, a me nā haʻahaʻa hopena, a i ʻole e hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻoemi ʻana a me ka torque liʻiliʻi, inā koi ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana, a pono ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a me ka hoʻomaha mālie ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana. I ka wā e pono ai, pono ka hoʻohui hou ʻana e hoʻopau i ka cementite a me ke koʻikoʻi a puni ka weld. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka malleable keʻokeʻo, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka weldable malleable hoʻolei hao.

5. Kū'ē Kū'ē
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o ka pearlite malleable cast iron ma mua o ke kila kalapona maʻamau. No laila, kūpono ka pearlite malleable cast iron no ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā ʻāpana i loaʻa kekahi mau koi no ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana. Ma o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wela wela, hiki i ka paʻakikī o nā hoʻoheheʻe hao malleable hiki ke hiki i 60 HRC, a ʻo kona kūpaʻa ʻana hiki ke like me ke kila haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono ka ferritic malleable cast iron no nā ʻāpana pale ʻaʻahu.

6. Kū'ē wela
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa wela o ka ferritic malleable cast iron a me ka pearlite malleable cast iron ma mua o ka hao hina hina a me ke kila kalapona, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale wela o ka ferritic malleable hoʻolei ʻia ma mua o ka pearlite malleable hao.

7. Hoʻohāhā
Ma muli o ka mana o ke ʻano graphite, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hao malleable ma mua o ka hao hina hina a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hao ductile a me ke kila. Ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka hana damping o ka ferritic malleable hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e pili ana i ka like me ka spheroidal milled cast iron, akā ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hana damping o ka ferritic malleable hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma kahi o 3 mau manawa o ko ke kila hoʻolei ʻia a me 2 mau manawa o ka. hao ductile.