Na Pono Mechanical Iron Castile

ʻO ka hao hoʻoheheʻe Ductile, ʻo ia hoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo nodular iron a i ʻole spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron, ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻokahi akā he ʻāpana ia o kahi pūʻulu o nā mea hiki ke hana ʻia e loaʻa i kahi ākea ākea ma o ka mana o ka microstructure. Loaʻa ka hao nodular i ka graphite nodular ma o ka spheroidization a me ka mālama inoculation, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ai i nā waiwai mechanical o ka hao, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī, i loaʻa ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kila kalapona. ʻO ka hao nodular kahi mea hao ikaika. Kokoke kona mau waiwai piha i ke kila. Ma muli o kāna mau waiwai maikaʻi loa, ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ka hao ductile no ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā ʻāpana o nā ikaika paʻakikī, ikaika, paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa. Ua ulu koke ka hao nodular i mea hao hao lua wale nō i ka hao hina a hoʻohana nui ʻia. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "substituting iron for steel" e pili ana i ka hao ductile. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hao ductile no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana no nā crankshafts a me nā camshafts no nā kaʻa, nā tractor, a me nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, a me nā puʻupuʻu medium-pressure no nā mīkini maʻamau.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka ductile cast iron ke ʻano o ka graphite. I loko o nā hao ductile, aia ka graphite ma ke ʻano o nā nodules ma mua o nā flakes e like me ka hao hina. ʻO ke ʻano ʻoi o nā flakes o ka graphite e hoʻokumu i nā wahi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i loko o ka matrix metala a me ke ʻano poepoe o nā nodules ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, pēlā e pale ai i ka hana ʻana o nā māwae a hāʻawi i ka ductility i hoʻonui ʻia e hāʻawi i ka inoa i ka alloy. Loaʻa ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā nodules ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea nodulizing, ka mea maʻamau ka magnesium (e nānā i nā paila magnesium ma 1100 ° C a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hao ma 1500 ° C) a, liʻiliʻi pinepine i kēia manawa, cerium (maʻamau i ke ʻano o Mischmetal). Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Tellurium. Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Yttrium, he ʻāpana pinepine o ka metala Misch, ma ke ʻano he nodulizer hiki.